As a new strategy to combat global climate change and achieve sustainable development, a marine low-carbon economy has gradually gained attention in recent years. A variety of reasons are fueling the creation of a marine low-carbon economy. The digital economy (DE) has demonstrated a significant...

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is supposed to be the main institutional tool that assists the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030’s Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. The original projections envisaged the mobilization of $100...

The aim of this empirical research study is to investigate the effect of different driving forces of the CO2 emission for a set of leading ASEAN countries. The sample for this purpose included leading ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines and Myanmar, due to...

Economic measures are advanced to environmental problems in EU nations. The economic approach imposes a constant economic load on activities negatively affecting the environment, and it is also a technique for giving a constant profit for activities conserving the environment. The whole society...

This study presents the insightful and comprehensive empirical evidence on the impact of income and institutional governance on climate change based on panel data of 203 countries for time series of 1996 to 2017. We have divided the countries into sub-samples of 34 low-income, 101 middle-income...

This paper discusses the implications of climate change for official transfers from rich countries (the North) to poor countries (the South). The concern is no longer just about poverty alleviation (i.e. income in the South), but also about global emissions and resilience to climate risk....

One of the key issues dominating the institutional investing industry is impact investing and the need to reduce carbon emissions (measured in Carbon Dioxide Equivalents or CO2e). Many investors have signed the Net Zero Asset Owner Alliance (NZAOA), which has specific goals and targets to be met...

National energy security, parallel with the ultimate goal of emissions reductions, is of utmost priority for the Chinese government. In order to comply with the requirements set by the Kyoto Protocol, the Chinese government announced, on 25 November 2009, that 2020’s CO2 emissions would be...

We present an index to measure climate risk for over 170 countries, separately assessing physical and transition risk while accounting for adaptation and mitigation capacity. Crucially, we carefully select the most relevant risk factors and assign the related weights based on the literature and...

Coupled with adopting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) role may not be overlooked. The ADB took substantial measures to ensure environmentally sustainable growth in Asia and the Pacific. They include climate change...