The paper applies the synthetic control method to examine the effects of California's Capand-Trade Program on environmental innovation. The analysis exploits the International Patent Classification system to identify patents relating to environmentally sound technologies. This enables the study...

The EU emitted close to 5 billion tonnes (Gt) of CO2-equivalent emissions in 2008. It contributes today around 12 % of annual global anthropogenic direct greenhouse gas emissions. The EU is making good progress towards achieving its emission reduction targets. A rapid, sustained and effective...

Sub-national governments are now seen as having an important role to play in climate protection. Initial research in this area sought to identify their initiatives in climate change mitigation and theorize their role in relation to national and international climate protection policies. Because...