This paper analyses the gold sector's environmentally-adjusted (carbon dioxide – CO 2 emissions) efficiency using cross …

In this paper, we examine the predictive content of both transition and physical risks for the volatility of gold … literature. One, we show that the return volatility of gold has a positively significant relationship with transition risk and a … negatively significant relationship with physical risk. Given some salient features of gold, its safe haven property and its …

return volatility of gold while the GARCH-MIDAS framework is utilized. The utilization of this framework is hinged on its … contraction measure by Baumeister et al. (2020) which includes world industrial production in its measure, while that of Kilian … the return volatility of gold and that the increased uncertainty created by climate change makes gold to be a safe haven …