China's recovery is well advanced-but it lacks balance and momentum has slowed, reflecting the rapid withdrawal of fiscal support, lagging consumption amid recurrent COVID-19 outbreaks despite a successful vaccination campaign, and slowing real estate investment following policy efforts to...

This article discusses the links between climate and debt sustainability by focusing on how climate mitigation and adaptation are paid for, and who pays for it. This requires thinking about instruments such as sovereign bonds, carbon credits, conditional official grants and debt relief from both...

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mentioned the potential use of debt-for-nature (DFN) swap as one of the financial instruments to mobilise climate finance. Intrigued by this potential, this paper explores the feasibility of DFN swap as a climate finance instrument under the existing...