the world. The papers examine the evolution of climate-related cases, the scope of such cases and the varying grounds on …

create substantial tensions for the patent system to assure low-cost access to patented technologies at the back end of … technology transfer needs. This article first describes the uncertain case for relying on the patent system, the tensions that … needs, and the measures that have been proposed to limit the effect of the patent system on development of and access to …

We analyze the use of patent protection as a new policy to direct technical change to clean technology. Contrary to … popular belief, it is dirty (and not clean) innovations that should be excluded from patent protection to reduce emissions. In … the shortrun, removing patent protection on dirty technology increases emissions. However, the reduced markup on dirty …

contribution to global climate change. It may well be that aggregate human welfare would be maximized in a warmer, wealthier world …

Using patent data from 66 countries for the period 1990–2003, we characterize the factors which promote or hinder the …