In this paper I differentiate between two types of benefits of open innovation. Network externalities effect happens when open innovation increases the participation of one group of users which increases the value of adoption for another group of users. Learning effect happens when economic...

A short reminder on European Union cohesion policy -- Knowledge cohesion versus knowledge convergence : a concise introduction to epistēmē -- The empirics of knowledge convergence : persistent versus emerging hubs -- Knowledge cohesion in European regions -- Case studies : strategically...

This paper presents the first assessment of the efficiency of the technology transfer operated by the French university system and its main determinants. The analysis is based on a detailed and original database of 51 technology transfer offices (TTOs) categorised by the type of university to...