alternative indicators of the stock of knowledge are specified. One is based on patent applications, the other on numbers of …

star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists … firm scientists work" in the stars' university laboratories in contrast to America where the stars are more likely to work …

star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists … firm scientists work" in the stars' university laboratories in contrast to America where the stars are more likely to work …

We estimate the relative contribution of mobile scientists who leave academia for the private sector on the subsequent … 1999-2004 and measure innovation performance by the (value-adjusted) number of patent applications at the European Patent … Office. We compare the efficacy of mobile former university scientists to the effects of mobile workers hired from other …