of school test scores when children, in addition to labor market income when adults. Today, however, with increasing … ensuring that mothers receive adequate support during pregnancy. In this study we find that cognitive outcomes are adversely …

We identify the causal effect of mothers' mental health during early - and soon after pregnancy on a range of child … we find that mental health during or soon after pregnancy raises breastfeeding and improves measures of interaction … psychological, socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes measured between ages 4-16. Results suggest a negative effect on children …

We identify the causal effect of mothers' mental health during early - and soon after pregnancy on a range of child … we find that mental health during or soon after pregnancy raises breastfeeding and improves measures of interaction … psychological, socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes measured between ages 4-16. Results suggest a negative effect on children …

We use the Islamic holy month of Ramadan as a natural experiment in fasting and fetal health. In Michigan births 1989 …, suggesting that avoiding Ramadan exposure during pregnancy is costly or the long-term effects of fasting unknown. …

, exposed children had a lower level of development, cognition skills, and more attention problems relative to children not … trimester of pregnancy. The negative impact on cognitive skills and development is concentrated on lower-income children and … child by age 2. By exploiting a longitudinal dataset of children and their parents, we find that children who were exposed …