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The hypothesis that futures prices are an unbiased predictor of spot price is a joint hypothesis that the market is efficient and there is no risk premium. In order to test separately unbiasedness and market efficiency, cointegration techniques must be applied. The goal of this paper is assess...
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from Pakistan on economic, demographic, social, and political variables. The data spans a period from 1972- 2006 and was … Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries health care qualifies as a necessity in Pakistan. Urbanization and ….32 respectively, implying that it is costly to provide health care to residents of remote rural areas of Pakistan. …
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Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration is used to analyze the long run relationship of import demand, relative … Pakistan. For the analysis of Short Run dynamics, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) has been used. The results show that all … expenditure components have positive and significant impact on import demand in Pakistan while the effect of relative prices is …
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economic growth in Pakistan. We have estimated the relationship between Gross domestic product (GDP) and agricultural and non … agricultural exports for Pakistan employing Johansen co-integration technique for the period 1972 - 2008. The findings of the study …
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Pakistan using co-integration and causality analysis during the period 0f 1972-2010. A large number of empirical studies on the … controlling inflation in Pakistan. The present study fills the gap in the literature by analyzing the nexus of monetary policy …, inflation and growth in Pakistan. The results indicate that credit to private sector, the variable of financial depth, real …
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