Instrumental variables estimation is classically employed to avoid simultaneous equations bias in a stable environment. Here we use it to improve upon ordinary least squares estimation of cointegrating regressions between nonstationary and/or long memory stationary variables where the...

1. Introduction 2 -- Start using Gretl and R 3 -- Basic Material 4 -- Hypothesis testing 5 -- Simple linear regression 6 -- Multiple regression 7 -- Regression using dummy variables 8 -- Non linear models 9 -- Time series analysis 10 -- Other statistical tools.

We propose a method to explore the causal transmission of an intervention through two endogenous variables of interest. We refer to the intervention as a catalyst variable. The method is based on the reduced-form system formed from the conditional distribution of the two endogenous variables...

Cointegration requires all the variables in the system to have exact unit roots; accordingly it is conventional for researchers to test for a unit root in each variable prior to a cointegration analysis. Unfortunately, these unit root tests are not powerful. Meanwhile, conventional cointegration...