parameter restrictions. A cointegration analysis for the unified Germany reveals a long rum relationship between real wages … ; Cointegration …

Johansen cointegration approach. Qatar is a small open economy that depends on the outside world for exporting its oil, natural …

We consider cointegration rank estimation for a p-dimensional Fractional Vector Error Correction Model. We propose a … levels. The first step consists in estimating the parameters of the model under the null hypothesis of the cointegration rank … r=1,2,...,p-1. This step provides consistent estimates of the order of fractional cointegration, the cointegration …

after the German reunification, cointegration is found between both variables suggesting a slightly positive relationship. …