This paper examines the cointegration and causality among exchange rate, export, and import for Turkey during the period of 1998-2006. The econometrics results show that there is a cointegration between exports and import, but direction of causality is bi-directional between these two variables....

The study examines the vital connection between stock returns and oil price changes for oil exporting/importing countries separately. We present evidence employing granger causality, impulse response and error variance decomposition based on panel vector autoregression. The results of panel...

Most studies on corporate governance recognize endogeneity in the nexus between corporate governance and financial performance. Little attention has, however, been paid to the direction of causality between the two phenomena, and hence the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model, which allows for...

This study has examined the causality between disaggregated energy consumption (electricity and fossil consumption) and overall growth, agricultural and manufacturing growth in Ghana’s economy over the period 1971-2007. By employing the Augmented Dickey Fuller test all variables were found to...

This paper examines the causal relationship between energy consumption and real GDP of the fourteen MENA Countries over the period 1987-2019 by using bivariate Vector Auto-regression model and Granger causality approach. This study shows the existence of unidirectional, bidirectional or no...

We employed linear and nonlinear error correction models (ECMs) to predict the log returns of Bitcoin (BTC). The linear ECM is the best model for predicting BTC compared to the neural network and autoregressive models in terms of RMSE, MAE, and MAPE. Using a linear ECM, we are able to understand...