From 1997 to 2005, an astonishing 5,200 million USD was invested to reduce cocaine production in Colombia, the world … programs. Our results support Becker's (1968) model of crime participation and in addition shed light on other non …

This paper proposes a new identification strategy to estimate the causal impact of illicit drug markets on violence … municipalities that we use as an instrument to uncover the causal effect of illegal cocaine markets on violence. We find that a 10 … violence as different armed groups fight each other, the government and the civil population for their control and extraction …