In 2007, the Senate began using pro forma sessions in an attempt to curtail the President's recess-appointment power. On January 4, 2012, President Obama challenged the propriety of pro forma sessions by issuing four recess appointments. Due to the nature of the appointments, a constitutional...

We examine the impact of the global recession triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic on women's versus men's employment. Whereas recent recessions in advanced economies usually had a disproportionate impact on men's employment, giving rise to the moniker "mancessions," we show that the pandemic...

In recent US recessions, employment losses have been much larger for men than for women. Yet, in the current recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the opposite is true: unemployment is higher among women. In this paper, we analyze the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. We argue...

Das Handwerk gilt in Hinblick auf den Umsatz und die Beschäftigung als Konjunkturstabilisator. Dieser Einschätzung widersprechen allerdings verschiedene wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen. Welche Kräfte hier prozyklisch und welche antizyklisch wirken, lässt sich durch eine...