of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties. The approach explicitly addresses changes to the institutional … trade policies, such as applied import tariffs. The paper presents evidence of a counter-cyclical relationship between …

the extensive margin. New import restrictions on products arise through the temporary trade barriers (TTBs) - antidumping … and promised to restrain other trade policies by keeping applied import tariffs below specified maximum levels. After … of the Great Recession. -- antidumping ; safeguards ; temporary trade barriers ; emerging markets …

arising through the temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties. We find … disciplines to restrain their application of other trade policies such as applied import tariffs. …

restrictions on products arising through the temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing … adopted disciplines to restrain their application of other trade policies such as applied import tariffs …

restrictions on products arising through the temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing … tariffs …