college enrollment and graduation. They also affect outcomes in later life, increasing cognitive skills and improving labor … later years. Recessions at high-school graduation narrow the gender gaps in numeracy skills and labor-market success …

college enrollment and graduation. They also affect outcomes in later life, increasing cognitive skills and improving labor … later years. Recessions at high-school graduation narrow the gender gaps in numeracy skills and labor-market success. …

and heterogeneous skills. We find that both capital-skill and capital-energy complementarity are responsible for this …

Although recessions negatively affect labor market outcomes, we find that individuals with greater cognitive skills … decrease in the returns to cognitive skills over the last few decades, on average. We argue that changes in the provision of … employer-paid training can help explain the relative return to cognitive skills during recent recessions due to lower training …