This paper documents how informal employment in Mexico is countercyclical, lags the cycle and is negatively correlated … to formal employment. This contributes to explaining why total employment in Mexico displays low cyclicality and … variability over the business cycle when compared to Canada, a developed economy with a much smaller share of informal employment …

This paper examines employment transitions in the South African labour market. Using the Post-Apartheid Labour Market … accounting for wage employment and self-employment as well as upper-tier and lower-tier informal sector segments. Transition … segmentation between wage employment and self-employment. They also show a lag in the employment impacts following a recession …

replaced the United States UE with employment (EM) for the years 1977 to 2021 and examined how employment changed relative to … "jobless recovery" is that employment should not increase more rapidly than the real economy. …