Exploring data from the urban and migrant household surveys of the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP), this paper … dissects the underlying causes of the depressing effect of the hukou system on migrant household consumption into two channels …

to consume (MPCs). Our main contribution is to document how MPCs vary with household characteristics and prize size, and …

government transfers on economic well-being varied by household type during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that …'s start and sustaining spending growth over time. Household essential spending increased proportionally with the delivery of … cash transfers, while discretionary spending was influenced more by pandemic-specific factors beyond household income. Our …