Using several independent data sets, we investigate an aspect of corruption that has received little attention: its differential incidence by gender. We show using micro data that women are less involved in bribery, and are less likely to condone bribe taking. Cross-country data show that...

Randomized response methods, which were designed to elicit candid answers to sensitive questions, have not succeeded in eliminating reticence in survey responses. We implement a methodology that effectively stands the randomized response technique on its head, using it to identify reticent...

We examine the effect of corruption in municipal governments on health and education outcomes in the Philippines. We find that corruption lowers the immunization rate of children, delays the vaccination of newborns, prevents the treatment of patients, discourages the use of public health...