main findings are that the corruption of the political principals may induce a situation in which the bureaucracy is … bureaucracy, and that the corruption of the political regime and the level of economic development may also affect bureaucratic …Most models of bureaucracy tend to assume a principal-agent model in which elected politicians delegate policy …

correlates with perceptions of corruption. We find judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tamed bureaucracy …The monopoly position of the public bureaucracy in providing public services allows government employees to acquire … extent of rents in the public bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional constraints and …

responsiveness of officials and of political control of the bureaucracy and, thereby, the size and distribution of rents in the … bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional and political constraints. In particular, we find … judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tamed bureaucracy. Further, our measure for rents correlates with …

correlates with perceptions of corruption. We find judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tame bureaucracy …The monopoly position of the public bureaucracy in providing public services allows government employees to acquire … extent of rents in the public bureaucracy. The extent of rents is determined by differences in institutional constraints and …