chilling, Federal immigration enforcement, and finds robust evidence that heightened enforcement reduces Medicaid participation … to Medicaid enrollment. Immigrants from countries with more undocumented U.S. residents, those living in cities with a …-five percent of the relative decline in non-citizen Medicaid participation around the time of welfare reform, which has been …

as Medicaid and food stamp programs, for the aged. We find that U.S. means-tested social insurance programs for retirees …