As the euro area has a predominantly bank-based financial system, changes in the composition and strength of banks … developments in banks’ balance sheets, profitability and risk-bearing capacity and analyses their relevance for monetary policy. We …

lenders who could make small loans at interest rates exceeding those allowed for banks under the normal usury laws. About two … ; small loans ; consumer credit ; usury laws …

This paper examines banks' disclosures and loss recognition in the financial crisis and identifies several core issues …, banks' disclosures about relevant risk exposures were relatively sparse. Such disclosures came later after major concerns … about banks' exposures had arisen in markets. Similarly, the recognition of loan losses was relatively slow and delayed …

-interest rate credit conditions and terms, the risk perception of banks and the willingness of banks to lend. Credit standards are … discusses the importance of credit developments for both the economy and the functioning of monetary policy, and further … survey for the euro area lies in particular in the way it provides greater insight into developments in credit standards, non …

asymmetric information the banks face the risk of adverse selection. Credit Value-at-Risk (CVaR) regulation counters the problem …Banks provide risky loans to firms which have superior information regarding the quality of their projects. Due to … distorts the operation of credit markets. We show that a binding CVaR constraint introduces credit rationing and lowers social …

reduce monitoring costs and credit risks faced by banks and, in turn, reduce the borrower's cost of debt … government procurement dependence, less relationship lending, lower credit ratings, for firms facing stronger foreign competition … firms that borrowed from banks both before and after the Democratic victories in the mid-term election of 2006, we find that …

The paper investigates the relationship between bank credit lines and firms' overinvestment for Chinese listed … companies from 2001 to 2008. We find significant impacts of bank credit lines on firm overinvestment activities. Further, we … access to bank credit lines with cheaper cost than private-owned firms, and therefore are more likely to overinvest. The …

Has information technology improved small businesses' credit access by hardening the information used in loan … increased substantially, distances at individual banks remain unchanged. Instead, average distance has increased because a small … lending by 10 percentage points. Our findings imply that small businesses continue to depend on local banks …