The corporate segment of Russia's loan market is experiencing stagnation. The volumes of new loans are declining relative to the size of the economy, while the amount of debt has been demonstrating practically no increase. Interest rates are continuing to follow their downward trend. The quality...

At year-end of 2016, upward trend of retail credit exposure on bank loans resumed. Growth was entirely due to residential loans segment in the context of consumer lending shrinking. Shift in the debt structure in favor of cheaper and long-term credits issued for residential purchases secured...

New parameters of retail lending continue to recover in 2017 amid interest rate cuts. However, the effects of the downturn of 2015 have yet to be overcome, loans for households' consumption on are now less important than they were in 2012–2013, and new loans are not enough to cover the cost...

Households' bank savings at the turn of 2019 have demonstrated better performance against the last year. The largest share of deposits unlike last year was denominated in foreign currency. In the meantime, brisk recovery of the bank lending on the retail side is ongoing. This strengthens the...

This paper studies a modern monetary economy: trade in both goods and securities relies on money provided by intermediaries. While money is valued for its liquidity, its creation requires costly leverage. Inflation, security prices and the transmission of monetary policy then depend on the...

In 2016, the volume of bank lending resumed growth. However, its level remains below the 2014 indicators and is insufficient to curtail the reduction of the population's loan debt volumes. There is a shift in the retail bank lending debt structure in favor of the long-term and cheaper mortgages....

We investigate two competing explanations for commercial bank distress during financial crises: liquidity shortages and solvency concerns. If liquidity shortages cause distress, a lender of last resort can help by providing funds to banks having trouble rolling over short-term debt and facing...

Financial intermediaries issue the majority of liquid securities, and nonfinancial firms have become net savers, holding intermediaries' debt as cash. This paper shows that intermediaries' liquidity creation stimulates growth -- firms hold their debt for unhedgeable investment needs -- but also...

The classical Fisher equation asserts that in a nonstochastic economy, the inflation rate must equal the difference between the nominal and real interest rates. We extend this equation to a representative agent economy with real uncertainty in which the central bank sets the nominal rate of...

We construct explicit equilibria for strategic market games used to model an economy with fiat money, one nondurable commodity, countably many time- periods, and a continuum of agents. The total production of the commodity is a random variable that fluctuates from period to period. In each...