Consumer payments in the United States gradually have been shifting away from paper checks for the past several years …. Cash use has declined as well, although at a much slower pace. As the number of check payments has decreased, those … payments have been replaced with electronic and card payments. However, the transition from paper to electronic and card …

replacing paper with cards and electronic payments. Stavins (2021) examines the evolution of payments from paper to cards and … electronic payments, while Shy (2020) shows the payments landscape across merchant types. This paper combines the cross …-sectional analysis across merchants with the aggregate time series study to analyze the evolution of consumer payments by merchant type …