. Asian economies are often characterized as having bank-dominated financial systems and underdeveloped capital markets, in …

fair value would not fairly represent a bank's business model. In this study we examine whether financial statements using … measures we consider are bond yield spreads and future bank failure. We find that leverage measured using the fair values of … financial instruments explains significantly more variation in bond yield spreads and bank failure than the other less fair …

to enhance the transparency of bank ratings and the role of official support. Agency assessments of regulatory …

-out unit, a so-called bad bank. The key element of the plan is the valuation of troubled assets at their current market value … recapitalize the good bank by taking an equity stake in it. In extreme cases, this would mean a takeover of the bank by the …. A clear emphasis that the government stake is temporary would also be necessary. The government would cover the bad bank …

the upgrades were results of compromised rating standard rather than improvements to bank fundamentals. Investors reacted …