We examine how equity-market frictions that restrict pessimistic trading, such as short-sale constraints, affect assessments of default risk. We find that these frictions decrease the usefulness of equity-market variables for identifying defaulting firms but increase their usefulness for...

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the time series behavior of relationship banks around and during borrower distress. Relationship and outside loans have similar interest rates during distress, and even two years prior to distress. Relative to outside loans in distress,...