In Akerlof's 1970 Market for Lemons, asymmetric information arises because sellers are better informed than buyers. A seller’s informational advantage creates an adverse selection problem. When buyers are better informed than sellers, a mirror-image problem arises. Although both asymmetric...

We consider the role of credit ratings when contracts between investors and portfolio managers are incomplete. In our model, a credit rating and a price on a risky bond both provide verifiable signals about a non-contractible state. We allow the investor to both impose ex ante restrictions on...

In this paper, we study the optimal credit rating system in an economy where agents need to borrow and have incentives to renege on debt repayments. We show that credit exclusion creates soft collateral in the form of a borrower's reputation. Compared with individual lending, bank lending...

We study a dynamic moral hazard setting where the manager has private ev- idence that predicts the firm's cash flows. When performance is low, bad news disclosure is rewarded by a lower borrowing cost relative to the no-evidence case. In contrast, no disclosure is associated with higher...

The two main issues for managing wrong way risk (WWR) for the credit valuation adjustment (CVA, i.e. WW-CVA) are calibration and hedging. Hence we start from a novel model-free worst-case approach based on static hedging of counterparty exposure with liquid options. We say "start from" because...

Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) have the potential to provide one-third of the climate mitigation needed to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees. But to achieve this goal, investments in NCS need to rapidly scale up, including private sector investments. Private actors seeking to engage...

The present paper proposes an overview of the existing literature covering several aspects related to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Specifically, we consider studies describing and evaluating ESG methodologies and those studying the impact of ESG on credit risk, debt and...

This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of a no-fault-default debt structure as an alternative to the typical bankruptcy process. We show that the deadweight costs of bankruptcy can be avoided or substantially reduced through no-fault-default debt, which permits a relatively seamless transfer...

Trade credit is differentiated from other lending channels by the underlying sales relationship. Using a unique hand-collected dataset of customer-supplier-matched trade credit, I examine how the importance of a customer's sales to its supplier affects trade credit decisions. Contrary to...