For several decades now, the history of American criminal justice, and penal reform in particular, has revolved around … issues in search of a different perspective by looking at the on-the-ground experience of the early days of criminal justice …

We provide a selective survey of the literature on profiling by criminal justice agents, including changes in the …

institution of criminal justice has been foremost in shaping the relationship between members of the community by defining rights … various strategies of crime control as well as the jurisprudence of punishment. It has also been the key measure for the … legitimacy of crime control and other dispute resolution techniques (Davies et al. 2009). Being a significant component in the …

. Meanwhile, criminal justice scholars note that criminal justice fees have run amok, causing crippling debt, undermining reentry …, arguing that criminal justice fees have become harmful precisely because they deviate from the traditional market …-like environment that the public finance literature envisions. This nonmarket structure occurs for two reasons. First, criminal justice …