Moroccan descent convicted of a crime increased by 79% after the shock. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that more …

likelihood of future criminal justice involvement fell, with no apparent increase in local crime rates. …

We evaluate whether California's state proposition 47 impacted state violent and property crime rates. Passed by the …-level crime rates that exploit heterogeneity in the effects of the proposition on local criminal justice practices. We find little … evidence of an impact on violent crime rates in the state. Once changes in offense definitions and reporting practices in key …

This paper investigates how different outcomes of criminal appeals impact crime deterrence. My panel data analysis … (1997-2013) indicates that crime rates decrease when convictions are affirmed by the appellate court, as long as conviction … rates are not too high. Crime rates are further found to decrease when convictions are reversed but increase when cases are …

finding guilt for the commission of the crime. Aggravating elements, therefore, address a fundamental distinction of … terrorism one of today's most pressing problems. But is terrorism a crime or an aggravating factor in sentencing? In this …