We show that a private label is an indirect mean to contract on quality in a vertical structure, and is signed by a downstream firm only when its bargaining power is high. When its bargaining power decreases, sharing the fixed cost of quality in a private label with the upstream firm is not...

This article analyses the impact of recent mergers in the retailing sector as a mean to improve retailers' buying power. Such power can lead produce rs to be economically abused by retailers or more generally to pay them fi xed fees as commercial cooperation strategies. Private labels, with...

This paper takes into account technological and output constraints for firms to analyse Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) regulation. We first esamine an original dataset of french Brie cheese producers and compare the cost structure of PDO producteurs with non-PDO ones. The paper also finds...