trade integration. Using administrative data for both Denmark (1993-2012) and Portugal (1993-2011), we perform a two … both the average and the standard deviation of skills increase as a result of trade integration. For Portugal we find …

people with lower levels of schooling? It focuses on Portugal, where the higher education system has been expanding at a fast …

Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …

while they negatively influence the wages of the unskilled. -- Innovation ; employment ; wages ; Poland …

Skilled labor is a key input to the innovation process. A shortage in supply of skilled labor may hence impede … innovation activities, resulting in lower productivity gains. While governments are concerned about these likely negative impacts …, there is only limited empirical evidence whether and to what extent labor shortage affects innovation activities. The paper …