share of long-term unemployment. The rise in unemployment and its persistently high level have been blamed, both in Italy … of unemployment. An additional dimension of "segmentation" also characterizes the Italian labour market, notably the 30 … percent's unemployment rate in the South (6 percent in the North) and the presence of a large share of the labour force …

After steady employment growth since the 1990s, Spain has experienced the sharpest increase in unemployment among OECD … permanent contracts has resulted in a rigid dual market with adverse effects on unemployment and productivity. The collective … explaining very high unemployment among young workers. Better access of young people to training is an effective tool to keep …

been met by in–flows of cross–border workers and, to a lesser extent, immigration. Unemployment has remained low compared …

Unemployment insurance experience rating imposes higher payroll tax rates on firms that have laid off more workers in … unemployment with heterogeneous firms and realistic UI financing. The model predicts that higher experience rating reduces both job ….4%. While the unemployment rate falls on average by .21 percentage points, the effect on tax revenues is ambiguous. The model …

of firms, implying a reduction of the unions' expected bargaining power. Moreover, union heterogeneity constitutes an (un)employment … liberalization will increase (decrease) unemployment. …