policy-oriented studies have dealt with the evolution of unemployment in 2020, often country by country, this article focuses … on the evolution of unemployment as well as inactivity across European countries. Indeed, previous crises have typically … lead not only to more unemployment but also to larger numbers of discouraged unemployed and thus more inactivity. It …

effects, transitions from work to unemployment or inactivity (or vice versa) are considered exogenously in this literature … demand shocks lower wages, employment and increase unemployment under equilibrium conditions. Furthermore, the results show …