wages reflect this, with lower pay for greater uncertainty. We use the dispersion of exam grades within a field of education … as an indicator of the unobserved heterogeneity that employers face. We find solid evidence that starting wages are lower …

affects labor markets in sending countries, particularly the wages of workers who do not emigrate. Most studies find that … emigration increases wages in the sending country but only for non-emigrants with substitutable skills similar to those of … country loses many highly educated workers, the economy can become less productive altogether, leading to lower wages for …

In this paper, we analyze the connection between value added, wages, and labor market ows at the establishment level …

In this paper, we analyze the connection between value added, wages, and labor market flows at the establishment level …