This paper examines a grocery retailer’s management of a premade food product. The retailer’s goal is to maximize a weighted sum of direct profit and customer welfare. Multiple items of the product are produced in batches and displayed for sale. Considering that each item’s quality...

As customers seek more healthy lifestyles, the demand for fresh products (e.g., foods, vegetables, fruits) is undergoing a significant increase in recent years, thereby rendering escalating pressure on modern cold chain management. Specifically, the mismatch between enormous demand and the...