power and economic interests after a transition to democracy. We claim that legislative malapportionment enhances the pre … America to document empirically that malapportionment increases the probability of transitioning to a democracy. Moreover, our … data show that overrepresented electoral districts are more likely to vote for parties close to pre-democracy ruling groups …

angles. First, we exploit a novel dataset on the universe of giant oil and gas discoveries in the region to trace out the … data techniques to look at the long-run (trend) relationship between GDP per capita and the value of oil and gas production …