of countries characterised by long-term armed conflict (Colombia, Iraq, Nigeria) or having transitioned from … violence against civilians, but over time there was a decrease. We also find that COVID-19 had an early demobilising effect vis …-à-vis protest and mob violence, a consequence of lockdowns and mobility restrictions. Yet, protest has quickly returned to pre …

violence according to Johan Galtung -- Seeing invisible violence : case studies from Mexico, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina … -- Linking economy and visible violence : case studies from Guatemala, Brazil, Peru and Honduras -- The vicious circle of … deregulated international businesses and violence -- The crime of maldevelopment as a needed conceptual category of criminology …

In this paper we analyze the factors that explain attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in …