. Importantly, by introducing the index of vulnerability as the weighted probability of a household falling into poverty over a …

Relying on the present literature, official statistics, and household survey data in the People's Republic of China …, this paper summarizes research findings on the relationship between urbanization, urban-rural inequality, and poverty, and …

impact that healthcare costs have on household living standards in a high-income country with a long established universal … health care system. We undertook this analysis using a longitudinal, nationally representative dataset – the Household Income … defined as spending 10% or more of household income on healthcare. Results: Average total household expenditure on healthcare …

into a market-oriented economy. This paper offers a comprehensive study of inequality and mobility patterns for Russia … findings show rising income levels and decreasing inequality, with the latter being mostly caused by pro-poor growth rather …, leading to less long-term inequality than short-term inequality. The analysis also finds that switching from a part-time job …

. Importantly, by introducing the index of vulnerability as the weighted probability of a household falling into poverty over a …