To study the characteristics-sorted factor model in asset pricing, we develop a bottom-up approach with state-of-the-art deep learning optimization. With an economic objective to minimize pricing errors, we train a non-reduced-form neural network using firm characteristics [inputs], and generate...

COVID-19-related school closures are pushing countries off track from achieving their learning goals. This paper builds on the concept of learning poverty and draws on axiomatic properties from social choice literature to propose and motivate a distribution-sensitive measures of learning...

This paper demonstrates that the desire found within many organizations to measure the learning being undertaken can undermine the ability to develop new knowledge. The reasons for this are cited as the potential impact of mental models as closing mechanisms, coupled with the likely affect that...