Traditional conceptions of learning focus on the formal learning that occurs in contexts such as school and higher education. These however form only part of the learning experience for any individual. Indeed for adults, most learning will occur outside formal contexts either informally or...

We analyze a social learning model where the agents' utility depends not only on an unknown common component but also on an unknown idiosyncratic component. Each agent splits a learning budget between the two components. We characterize the optimal learning decisions and find necessary and...

Most learning in the workplace occurs outside of formal learning environments—it happens informally, “in the field.” In this review, we share what is known about how such informal field-based learning (IFBL) works, offer guidance on how to promote healthy IFBL, and identify future research...