Contrary to current notions about water abundance in Lebanon, the country is facing serious problems of unavailability, both in quantity and quality, geographical and sectoral. Even though this is due to several existing human-related aspects, i.e. management, ill-finance, non-integration and...

In this study, we use Okun's Law to examine whether growth has been jobless in seventeen MENA countries. The methods used are the ARDL approach for the individual country and the panel data analysis for the entire sample. The period considered in this study is from 1980 to 2013. To test for...

Institutions are important for proper economic performance, but are replaceable by trust or other social norms. We show that when proper institutions and trust are missing, integrity of the individuals can replace them. We construct a model of a transactions-based economy with contracts...

The purpose of this evaluation specifically relates to the SIGMA Programme implemented in eleven beneficiary countries of the European Neighbourhood Region (ENP) from its inception in the ENP Region in 2008 until mid-2013. This evaluation assesses the SIGMA Programme in the ENP Region in terms...

This Final Report presents the outcome of the “Thematic global evaluation of the Commission support to decentralisation processes”. The Evaluation was commissioned by the DG DEVCO Evaluation Unit and was implemented between January 2010 and February 2012. The purpose of the evaluation is to...

The evaluation covers the Commission’s co-operation with the Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC) implemented under the MEDA II Regulation over the period 2000-2006. It includes Commission funds managed by the European Investment Bank (EIB). Geographically it covers the MEDA-8 countries...

The purpose of this evaluation, covering the period 2000-2006, is to provide the relevant external co-operation services of the European Commission (EC) and wider public with an independent evaluation of the EC aid channelled through civil society. The specific objectives of this forward looking...