As the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) considers how to allocate the broadcasters' spectrum in the upcoming "incentive auction," it should be guided by economic principles designed to maximize social benefits. To date, the spectrum policy debate largely has been driven by considerations...

A no challenge clause prevents a patent licensee from challenging the validity of a licensed patent. In the 2014 Guidelines on Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation, the European Commission discouraged parties from including a no challenge clause in a settlement and license agreement...

Proponents of the patent-holdup conjecture implicitly model competition among different technologies for inclusion in a standard as a static Bertrand pricing game without (1) any capacity restraints, (2) any product differentiation, and (3) any outside option for the inventors. On the basis of...

Indian jurisprudence on fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) licensing practices for standard-essential patents (SEPs) is at a relatively nascent stage. Unlike U.S. and EU courts, which have dealt with cases concerning calculating a FRAND royalty for a considerable time, Indian courts...

Patent licenses reveal information about how the market values a patented technology and how the market values new information concerning the probability of a patent's validity and infringement. One can use that information to determine the value of the patent in suit under the assumed...

Basic economic techniques equip a damages expert with a reliable means of converting a royalty payment with one structure to a royalty of equivalent value under a different structure. I show that one can use reliable methodologies to convert royalty payments across structures both in cases where...

For a decade or more, proponents of the royalty-stacking conjecture have claimed that, when an end-user product (such as the smartphone) incorporates multiple standard-essential patents (SEPs), the aggregate SEP royalty might be so high as to make it infeasible for manufacturers to make a...

In patent-infringement litigation involving standard-essential patents, one must apportion the value of the patents in suit by deriving an appropriate measure of each patent's value relative to the value of other patents that are also declared essential to the standard. Using data on patents...

Two months after I published Hedonic Prices and Patent Royalties in August 2017, Dr. Allan Shampine of the CompassLexecon economic consultancy published a review of that article arguing that the hedonic price model for LRDIMMs does not comply with the Federal Circuit’s decision in Ericsson...