We study different mixes of private and public supply of roads in a network with bottleneck congestion and heterogeneous users. There are two parallel links for one origin and destination pair and two groups of travellers, where the group with a higher value of time also has higher schedule...

As urbanization increases, municipalities across the world have become aware of the negative impacts of road-based transportation, which include traffic congestion and air pollution. As a result, several cities have introduced tolling schemes to discourage vehicles from entering the inner city....

This paper presents the design of the sea toll network, especially in choosing the combination of the marine toll network that has the best performance, in terms of profit and benefit. The problem of selecting the best combination in this model is a combinatorial optimization problem. The...