added to the product, and local advertising of the retailers simultaneously have effect on market demand. Each retailer has … cooperative advertising program for motivating the retailers to disclose their private information. A numerical study is presented … information sharing is beneficial for all members of the supply chain through cooperative advertising program and, therefore …

presenting an overview of the literature that shows various coordination mechanisms but no backup agreement proposals for supply … chain coordination, this paper develops a decentralized three-echelon supply chain facing stochastic customer demand and … includes the backup agreement as a coordination mechanism to guarantee a balanced relationship between the chain members. The …