Practitioners and researchers describe inventory service level with metrics that communicate the likelihood of demand fulfillment without considering the on-going capabilities of the supplier, e.g., in-stock and _ll rate. We develop a method for measuring inventory service level that...

Retailers procure inventory by placing purchase orders (POs) with suppliers. POs specify product price, quantity, quality, delivery times, and other aspects of the fulfillment process, such as carton labeling requirements and packaging formats. When servicing an order, a supplier may fail to...