This study examines the conditions that influence the choice between direct shipment and transshipment, focusing on two factors: geographical distance and demand. We develop a two-stage model comprising shipping lines and shippers, and apply it to a virtual maritime network with one origin, two...

As an integral part of the global supply chain network, Indonesian supply chain entities should understand conditional seaport risk factors that could lead to seaport threats that affect supply chain continuity. This study aims to provide a procedure for evaluating the interdependencies,...

Seaports are crucial in modern global supply chain networks and systems, exerting a significant impact on the ecological area's economy. Supply chain entities play a substantial integration role, and potential threats at seaports harm chain continuity. This study proposes a rough set-based...