We investigate the role of organizational structure in financial services markets by examining the U.S. life insurance industry. Traditionally stock and mutual life insurers were equally represented, but now the industry is mainly comprised of stock firms. We find operational efficiency, access...

The recent wave of demutualizations has led to the declining significance of the mutual organizational form in the U.S. life insurance industry. In this paper, we consider the different methods of conversion to explore if the motivations were similar across the firms that chose to fully...