We investigate how the increase in speed of U.S. equity markets has distorted liquidity measures. We find that the widely-used Monthly Trade and Quote (MTAQ) database yields a percent effective spread 43% higher than our benchmark, a quoted spread that is nonpositive nine times more often, and a...

We examine a general class of volatility over volume liquidity proxies as computed from low frequency (daily) data. We start from the Kyle and Obizhaeva (2016) hypothesis of transaction cost invariance to identify a new volatility over volume liquidity proxy “VoV(%Spread)” for percent spread...