We present comprehensive evidence in support of giving liquidity equal standing to size, value/growth, and momentum as investment styles, as defined by Sharpe (1992). First, we show that financial market liquidity, as identified by stock turnover, is an economically significant indicator of...

This research analyses high-frequency data of the cryptocurrency market in regards to intraday trading patterns. We study trading quantitatives such as returns, traded volumes, volatility periodicity, and provide summary statistics of return correlations to CRIX (CRyptocurrency IndeX), as well...

We develop a model in which financially constrained arbitrageurs exploit price discrepancies across segmented markets. We show that the dynamics of arbitrage capital are self-correcting: following a shock that depletes capital, returns increase, and this allows capital to be gradually...

We introduce the Budapest Liquidity Measure (BLM) and one of its possible applications in the field of risk management. BLM is a weighted spread measure, it represents the implicit costs of trading, which arise from the fact that actual trading is not executed at the mid-price. Traditional VaR...

This paper shows how arbitrage activity contributes to the convergence of liquidity across markets. Based on simple arbitrage arguments, I show how arbitrageurs' market and limit orders create co-movement across markets of bid prices, ask prices, and bid-ask spreads. Empirically, I document how...

This study tests whether disclosing a trader's identity dampens or stimulates subsequent trading volume based on the trader's reputation for being informed. While a reputation for being informed makes markets less liquid, thus inhibiting subsequent trade ("illiquidity effect"), the information...

Due to a regulatory exemption, ETF market makers can satisfy excess demand in secondary markets by selling ETF shares that have not yet been created. While this ability to “operationally short” is not unique to ETFs, it plays a more prominent role in ETF liquidity provision, and results in...

This paper evaluates hedge funds that grant favorable redemption terms to investors. Within this group of purportedly liquid funds, high net inflow funds subsequently outperform low net inflow funds by 4.79% per year after adjusting for risk. The return impact of fund flows is stronger when...

This paper provides evidence of the impact of hedge funds on asset markets. We construct a simple measure of the aggregate illiquidity of hedge fund portfolios, based on the cross-sectional average first order autocorrelation coefficient of hedge fund returns, and show that it has strong and...

This article examines how the introduction of an ETF replicating a stock index impacts on the liquidity of the underlying stocks when the ETF market involves liquidity providers (LPs). We find that index stock spreads decline, relative to those of non-index stocks, after the introduction of the...