This paper examines the implications of Open Source License (OSL) selection on software innovation, and suggests how …

. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large …We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation …

discourages entry and reduces innovation incentives, while horizontal integration always benefits from entry and innovation …

rates and reduce output as compared to non-integration. Horizontal integration of IP holders (or a patent pool) solves the … complements problem but not the double mark-up problem. Vertical integration discourages entry and reduces innovation incentives …, while horizontal integration always encourages entry and innovation. …

rates and reduce output as compared to non-integration. Horizontal integration of IP holders (or a patent pool) solves the … complements problem but not the double mark-up problem. Vertical integration discourages entry and reduces innovation incentives …, while horizontal integration always encourages entry and innovation …

This paper presents a model of cumulative innovation where firms are heterogeneous in their research ability. We study … value of the idea. Finally, we provide a way to implement this patent menu by using a simple buyout scheme: The innovator …